1 Temperature and humidity
When the house temperature in winter is lower than 20℃, or very dry, the incidence of chicken coccidiosis is also reduced due to poor coccidioid oocysts sporulation; in summer with high temperature and high humidity, the incidence of chicken coccidiosis High, especially during the rainy season with high humidity in the south, which is a frequent period. During this period, due to the wet litter, coccidiosis will recur repeatedly.
2 Hygiene and epidemic prevention
Strengthen sanitation and disinfection and reasonable epidemic prevention. Small chicken farms and professional chicken farms are prone to outbreaks of coccidiosis due to poor farm conditions and weak technical force.
3 Intermittent lighting
Intermittent light is more dangerous than continuous light to infect coccidiosis, because the former will cause chickens to actively turn the litter and increase the chance of infection, and turning the litter also improves the conditions of oocyst sporulation.
4 Litter
The management of litter is of great significance in controlling coccidiosis. The management of litter cannot be ignored. The general requirements are: loose, dry and thin.
5 density
High-density feeding is an adverse pathogenic factor. When the density is too large, the air in the chicken house is poor, and the incidence of coccidiosis is higher. High density flocks will increase the density of oocysts and increase the chance of infection.
6 Feeding methods
Different feeding methods can cause significant differences in coccidiosis infection. For chickens raised online, the chance of coccidiosis infection is extremely low. This is mainly the reason why chickens raised online are not easily accessible to ground infection sources.
2. Feed factor
Various anti-nutritional factors in the feed, such as tannic acid, phytic acid, gossypol and antitrypsin, are easily combined with the mucosa of the intestinal wall, causing damage to the intestinal wall, imbalance of electrolyte balance in the feed, and increased excretion of feces. , which will increase the incidence of coccidiosis; the lack of vitamin A and vitamin K in the feed will damage the digestive tract mucosa and blood coagulation mechanism, and are vulnerable to coccidiosis; The increased chance of infection will also increase the morbidity rate. High-quality full-price feed can improve the body's resistance to coccidiosis. Feed components such as protein, vitamins, and inorganic salts are of great significance in controlling coccidiosis. Insect incidence.
Three stress factors
Coccidiosis often occurs several days after the onset of the stress response. These stress responses include nutritional disorders, changes in habits, transportation, and climate change. In addition to being conducive to the onset of coccidiosis, severe stress response can also promote the aggravation of coccidiosis. If chickens are infected with Marek's disease, the body's immunity to coccidiosis will be disturbed and cause coccidiosis; chickens infected with bursal virus will aggravate the symptoms of coccidiosis, cause early cecal bleeding, and increase mortality , the presence of aflatoxin will increase coccidiosis mortality by 40%.
Four host differences
Different breeds, ages and sexes of chickens have significant differences in resistance to coccidiosis. Generally speaking, young chicks are more susceptible to coccidia; male chicks are more susceptible to coccidia than female chicks; white chickens are less resistant than brown chickens; purer strains are more susceptible to coccidiosis sex is stronger.
Five drug resistance
Due to the long-term use of anticoccidial drugs and improper use methods, coccidia are easily resistant to some drugs. After using any anticoccidial drug for a certain period of time, it will cause coccidial resistance or even form drug-resistant strains, and produce cross-resistance to other drugs of the same kind or the same mechanism of action. Medication methods and formulating correct medication regimens can maximize the service life of anticoccidial drugs.
6 Types, quantities and parasitic sites of coccidia strains
Different strains have different virulence, and the number of infections does not reach a certain level, and their individuals do not show symptoms of coccidiosis. For moderately virulent strains, when the number of infections is too large, the number of new oocysts produced is corresponding. The reduction is called the "crowding effect". Different strains have their own specific parasitic sites. If the parasitic sites change, their pathogenicity will decrease or even disappear.
7. Relationship with other pathogens
Tissue damage and changes in intestinal function can cause the invasion and reproduction of various harmful bacteria, and there is an interaction between E. coli and coccidia in chickens. Studies have shown that coccidia have a synergistic effect with other gut bacteria, and gut bacteria play a role in enhancing the pathogenicity of coccidia.